EUROPEAN ADDER
\jˌʊ͡əɹəpˈi͡ən ˈadə], \jˌʊəɹəpˈiən ˈadə], \j_ˌʊə_ɹ_ə_p_ˈiə_n ˈa_d_ə]\
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A family of snakes comprising three subfamilies: Azemiopinae (the mountain viper, the sole member of this subfamily), Viperinae (true vipers), and Crotalinae (pit vipers). They are widespread throughout the world, being found in the United States, Central and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Their venoms act on the blood (hemotoxic) as compared to the venom of elapids which act on the nervous system (neurotoxic). (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, pp333-36)
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